JPMA follows the Guidelines by COPE for Expression of Concern.

https://publicationethics.org/case/publication-expression-concern

Expression of concern is used to raise awareness to a possible problem in a published article.

Expression of Concern is placed in the following conditions:

• i. Authors Conflict of interest revealed by any means after the publication.
• ii. Findings of the research appear unreliable.
• iii. Authorship disputes.
• iv. Small portion of the result is published which could be misleading.
• v. Methodology used is not reliable or Sub-standard or questionable methodology.

THERE IS NO TIME BAR FOR RETRACTION.